Historically,
although not as the Brotherhood of the Roman Third of the Holy Sepulcher, it
was always linked to the Image of Jesus Nazareno and the Arrest, for whose
organization it was responsible; Despite being a recent Brotherhood due to its
name, its background must be found in the Brotherhood of the Convocation of
Jesus, which, as such, appears in 1914 in the Constitution Act of the Board of
Passionate Brotherhoods of Cieza. Their perseverance, which has allowed them
not to miss any of the annual appointments with our Holy Week, has made them
one of the most deeply rooted traditions in our city, where they are popularly
known as "los Armaos".
The presence
of the Brotherhood of the Convocation of Jesus has been known at least since
the beginning of the 19th century, although its origin may be earlier, due to
the long tradition already attributed to it in that same century; It could even
have been in its beginnings a filial Brotherhood of the Brotherhood of Jesus
Nazareno, due to the strong link between one and the other, or an integral part
of that, which would also explain why it does not appear in the catalog of
Brotherhoods made as a result of the Decree of the Count of Aranda at the end
of the 18th century. Its name undoubtedly derives from the fact that she was in
charge of summoning the entire town for El Prendimiento, an act whose existence
is verified at least from the same period.
The
Brotherhood of the Convocation, deeply rooted among the less wealthy social
groups, was, on the other hand, a pioneer in carrying out functions of a social
nature; As the 19th century progressed and similarly to the disappearance of
the guilds, some Brotherhoods, which by their very nature had been combining
their spiritual and cult purposes with certain social work derived from it
(such as the accompaniment and payment of burials), began to assume other
competences more typical of those old trade associations by directing part of
their tasks towards social protection, constituting at the end of that century
in a kind of primitive mutual societies, in such a way, says D. Francisco. J.
Salmerón Giménez in his article A society divided around land ownership (History
of Cieza Vol. IV: Cieza in the XIX century), that the members of such
Brotherhoods begin to find in them also a response to "the need to insure
their lives and those of their families in case of illness or death”. In this
sense, in 1916 D. Mariano Ruiz-Funes in his work Derecho consuetudinario y
economía popular de la provincia de Murcia specified that "the most
important of all these Brotherhoods is the Convocation of Jesus, from Cieza,
which helps with one peseta daily and medical assistance to sick members. They
form its Board of Directors: An Elder Brother, President, a Secretary, a
Mandatory (collector), six Members and several inspectors of patients. They are
paid: 7.50 pesetas of entrance fees, 3 tarja for processional expenses and as
many distributions per year, at a rate of 25 cents, per brother, as many sick
as there are to help. He has a doctor, who provides assistance to the partners
and their wives. When an associate falls ill, the Inspectors of the sick, after
notifying him, send the doctor to verify the illness. Once the doctor
testifies, they themselves go to the brother's home to see if the doctor's
statement is true. If the disease forces the patient to stay in bed, making him
absolutely unable to work, they help him; but if he can stay on his feet, able
to do paid manual labor in the local lees industry, he is denied medical and
economic assistance. In the event of providing assistance, they do so in the
manner that we have indicated; and if after three months the ailment has not
been resolved, they cease to protect him. If the patient dies, he informs the
Brotherhood, and it sends the necessary wax to veil the corpse; then he pays
for the burial and masses for his soul”.
"Los
Armaos" constituted a highly hierarchical group: at the highest level was
the figure of the chief or king, today Captain of the Tercio, to whom the oral
intervention in the Arrest corresponds by right and around whom the rest of the
group is made up. the troop. Sometimes they were seen entering the neighborhood
tascas in pairs and they were recruited right there. The troops then searched
for the king, since he could not move from his house without an escort; Shortly
after, they began the Parade with high notes of fanfare, resounding of drums
and strong steps in a martial gesture.
Summoning
the people to the Holy Week Processions, his Band of drums and bugles would
leave the Friday of Dolores at night from their rehearsal place (as was heard
to say "five days before the arrest they were going in search of the
Lord"), and such was their constancy in targets and parades that gave rise
to the saying "you are more tender than the Armaos"; in this sense,
the local newspaper El Combate stated in its chronicle of Holy Week in 1891:
"The Roman or armed soldiers, like the vulgar call them, they have filled
their noisy functions with all seriousness, making their excursions multiplied
through those streets, to the incessant roll of their drum bands and enduring
shrillness of their indefatigable bugles, which this neighborhood has continuously
in the ears since Wednesday in afternoon until this very morning. There are
those who dislike this continuous drumming and this persistent bugle call; and
we find it pleasant, because it is perhaps the only note that stands out,
characteristic, classical, typical of the Processions of Cieza: that the Armed
ones with their bands of drums and bugles are suppressed, and it will seem as
if the Holy Week festivities in this town have lost their life and animation.
We must admire these men who, without remuneration of any kind, rather spending
money for it, and spending many days some learning their marches and rolls,
others their evolutions and exercises, then spend three deadly days with the
helmet and their armor on their backs, without giving rest to their feet, hands
or lungs, multiplying tirelessly everywhere: they are meritorious of the
processions and save for the historical truth of their clothing, they play a
good role in them, with their chief at the head”.
During
the last quarter of the last century they have their stage of flowering, due to
the good work of D. Pedro Marín Martínez, promoter of our Processions. It is
then when the charismatic figures of Maestro Muñoz appear, "Captain
Centellas" and "Requeñín", faithful valet of the former, whose
parade aroused admiration and respect among the people, and who became the
legend of the best "Armaos "for their enthusiasm and way of
experiencing the events of Holy Week as genuine Roman soldiers; his presence
gave the precise touch of tradition and distinction thanks to that aura of
mystery, martiality and firmness of his gestures.
The
men of the troops, on the other hand, with their false beards, their tin armor
or simple tunics, and their typical bullfighters' pink stockings, sometimes
drooping, other times filled with sawdust as if trying to give an idea of
strength, sometimes presented a an aspect so opposite to that of authentic
Roman soldiers that an 1893 chronicle in El Orden described them as "those
who, dressed in the costume of Judean soldiers, impatiently awaited the moment
to arrest Jesus."
The
splendor of a later era with Comino, king in his time, did not last long, to
whom we owe another genius of our popular knowledge: "you are more
constant than Comino", and in which the parade of the Armaos also
incorporated horses (1904-1905 ). In the years that preceded the civil war,
they tried hard to improve the costumes, but the truth is that, once it was
over, the "Armaos" still sought their consolidation, sometimes
subsidized by the City Council, others by the Board of Directors itself.
processions. Thus, in 1947 the Board agreed to "authorize Mr. Julián Pérez
Cano together with Mr. Antonio Pérez Gómez to manage the acquisition or
manufacture of the Armaos suits so that in successive years they remain the
property of this Board, in the proportion of about fifty numbers with their
accessories, committing the Board of Processions not to use for their benefit
the subsidies that the Municipality grants in successive years until the Armaos
are not in the splendor that we all want, and that the Board agrees".
Three years later, the City Council will be responsible for the expenses that
their outings could cause, including the rental of said costumes and their
accessories, which sometimes, like those helmets with a visor typical of a
knight from the Middle Ages, did not correspond to the time to which they
should refer.
However,
this unsatisfactory situation led in 1952 to a small group of enthusiastic
ciezanos to form the current Brotherhood, completely independent of any other.
The
first expenses of the reborn Brotherhood were covered thanks to the raffles and
the generous donations of numerous ciezanos and official entities, highlighting
the great help provided by D. Eulogio Marín Camacho, who was deservedly named
Honorary Elder Brother. Presided over by D. Manuel Montoya Nieto, the group
begins to outline what was to be its backbone: an initial number of forty-three
members, to which in 1954 their own Band of bugles and drums was added. Since
then, and except for some sporadic occasions, such as that same year 1954, when
the Armaos escorted the Paso de La Flagellación and the Paso del Santísimo
Cristo del Consuelo in the General and Penitent Processions respectively, their
place has always been behind the Paso de Jesús Nazareno and, in the Procession
of the Holy Burial, after The Holy Sepulchre, also maintaining its
participation until the end of the seventies of this century in the Procession
of Risen Jesus as a breaking group of the same.
In
the 1950s, the Brotherhood made a wardrobe of artistically embroidered satins,
silks and velvets; embossed metal helmets, breastplates and weapons, the work
of Maestro Penalva, insignia carved in wood by the sculptor Juan Solano,
legitimately made bugles and several chariots, items to which in 1971 would be
added a new banner embroidered in gold by the embroiderer from Cartagena
Consuelo Escámez: this is how the hundred people who make up the procession on
the morning of Good Friday in 1954 allow themselves to embroider the
traditional "Caracola" at the entrance to San Sebastián street, a
peculiar network of twists and turns of the men of the Tercio on the march,
which It had been its own distinctive since time immemorial and today it
continues to be another of the great attractions of Ciezan Processions. Since
then many names have followed this part... "El Nene de la Murciana",
"El Morena", "El Cabo Vázquez" or "El Flecha",
which is still active.
Precisely
in the last decade of the 20th century, when D. Carmelo Ramos was president,
the Brotherhood began to address the restoration of its belongings; thus, in
1997 the ciezano goldsmith Francisco Penalva made new quivers for the cohort of
archers and restored the fascios, while the local artist Bonifacio Pérez
Ballesteros did the same with the Tercio Insignia. Starting in 1999 and with
its President, Mr. José Gómez Sánchez-Fortún, the Board of Directors of the
Brotherhood intensified this process by acquiring new cloaks, capes,
breastplates and accessories for the Heads of cohorts, renewing the tunics and
capes of the troops, as well as the costumes (capes, tunics and breastplates)
of its also renewed Band of bugles and drums, for which the embroiderer from
Ciez Concepción Fernández Yuste, according to a design by Mariano Rojas Marín,
made in 2002 a new flag embroidered in cotton thread. gold on red velvet and in
which for the first time in 2006 and until 2010 musical instruments were
introduced. Finally, in 2009 the local restorer José Javier Bernal Morote
restored the quadriga.